Властивості, методи одержання та застосування нанооксиду церію
Анотація
Розповсюдженість сполук Церію, економічна доступність та унікальні окисно-відновні властивості визначають широке коло застосування оксиду церію. Перехід до нанорозмірів його частинок дозволяє цим матеріалам оборотно поглинати та вивільняти кисень, що визначило застосування нано-СеО2 у біомедичних технологіях при лікуванні захворювань, пов’язаних із ураженнями внаслідок окиснювального стресу.
У огляді проаналізовано сучасну наукову літературу щодо властивостей, методів одержання, та застосування нанооксиду церію. Описано основні його характеристики та особливості будови, наведено механізми дії ензимоподібних властивостей нано-СеО2. Показано, що співіснування на поверхні іонів Се3+ та Се4+ компенсується утворенням кисневих вакансій, які по суті є поверхневими дефектами. Кількість поверхневих дефектів залежить від розміру частинок, їхньої морфології та ступеня кристалічності матеріалу. Ці поверхневі дефекти є каталітичними центрами, які здатні виявляти ензимоподібні властивості наноцерію та ефективно зв’язувати вільні радикали, до яких відносять активні форми кисню.
Фізико-хімічні властивості наночастинок залежать від параметрів синтезу. До них відносять природу та тип прекурсора, стабілізуючого агента і розчинника, тривалість та температуру реакції, рН реакційної суміші. Так, мікрогравітація впливає на морфологію, середній розмір частинок, ступінь кристалічності; збільшення часу старіння призводить до більших розмірів частинок та їхніх кристалітів, збільшення ступеню кристалічності. Температура синтезу визначає розмір та структуру кристалітів, агломерацію, дефекти поверхні та ступінь окиснення. Варіювання параметрів синтезу та їх контроль під час реакції дозволяють отримати частинки з заданими фізико-хімічними властивостями. В роботі детально проаналізовано основні методи: осадження, гідротермальний, мікроемульсійний, згорання, золь-гель та «зелений».
Встановлено, що завдяки своїм унікальним властивостям, нанорозмірний оксид церію має широкий спектр застосування. Його використовують в якості абразивного порошку для полірування скла, захисту від корозії, на його основі виробляють сонцезахисні засоби, конструюють біосенсори та твердоокисні паливні елементи, синтезують каталізатори. Наночастинки оксиду церію та матеріали на його основі широко застосовуються в екологічних, промислових, біоаналітичних та біомедичних сферах. Останнім часом бурхливого розвитку набуває біомедичне застосування нанорозмірного оксиду церію. Нестехіометричний склад наночастинок оксиду церію дозволяє йому ефективно знешкоджувати активні форми молекулярного кисню при захисті організму від окиснювального стресу. Нано-СеО2 використовують при лікуванні запальних, серцево-судинних та нейродегенеративних захворювань, він підвищує активність протимікробних препаратів, є агентом для доставки терапевтичних препаратів у ракові клітини.
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