Особливості морфології та текстури кремнеземних і вуглецевих адсорбентів
Анотація
Морфологію і текстуру різних кремнеземів (93 пірогенних і 56 пористих), різних вуглецевих адсорбентів (230), і пористих полімерів (53) проаналізовано з використанням тестових адсорбатів (азот, аргон, бензол, декан, вода), мало-кутового розсіювання рентгенівських променів (SAXS), трансмісійної (ТЕМ) і скануючої (СЕМ) електронної і атомно-силової (АСМ) мікроскопії. Є певні кореляції між об’ємом пор (Vp) і питомою поверхнею (SBET) для цих матеріалів. Температури синтезу і тренування впливають на цю залежність, оскільки для лінійного Vp - SBET наближення розсіювання зменшується з цими температурами. Кремнеземи складаються з непористих наночастинок (NPNP). Активоване вугілля (AC) складається з пористих наночастинок (PNP). Для різних матеріалів нанопор слабо або сильно упаковані у вторинних структурах. Проте, існують загальні особливості розподілів розмірів пор (PSD) для матеріалів на основі нанопор, наприклад, мінімальний внесок вузьких мезопор 3-5 нм радіусу внаслідок ефектів упаковки. Для АС на основі тих самих прекурсорів, карбонізатів та агентів активації проте з варіюванням часу активації, текстурні характеристики демонструють плавні зміни в залежності від ступеня активації: нанопори перетворюються у вузькі мезопори з протилежними зрушеннями PSD широких мезопор і макропор. Порівняння адсорбції (відкриті пори, що доступні для зондів) і SAXS (відкриті і закриті пори) даних для АС показує, що різниця зменшується зі збільшенням ступеня активації за рахунок зменшення внеску закритих пор. Більшість чіткі уявлення щодо морфології частинок і текстури можуть бути отримані при паралельному застосуванні адсорбції SAXS і мікроскопічних методів з відповідними методами числового аналізу даними.
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